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View Full Version : D&D 3.x Class Elvish Exemplar (3.5, Elf the Base Class, PEACH)



Zaydos
2015-09-23, 03:02 PM
Elvish Exemplar

"...But I say : Let the ploughman plough, but choose an otter for swimming, and for running light over grass and leaf,
or over snow - an Elf." - Legolas (J.R.R. Tolkien's The Fellowship of the Ring)

An Elvish Exemplar is a paragon of the elvish ways embodying in themselves the four arts which have long governed elvish life; the art of the sword, the art of the bow, the art of magic, and the art of woodcraft. While not matching the greatest practitioners of any of these disparate schools of training, a ranger's woodcraft may be superior, a wizard's spellcraft, a warblade's sword arts, and a dedicated archer's bow skills, an Elvish Exemplar melds these four arts into one distinctly whole and fluid, what one might call the Way of the Elves.

Adventures: Many Elvish Exemplars are reluctant to adventure, falling into the isolationist ways of the elves, retreating to defend their woods. However at their hearts they are paragons of the elvish ways, and the elves are moved by the plight of others. An Elvish Exemplar rarely adventures for wanderlust alone. Instead they will have a motive, a long term goal, that makes it worth risking their long life. This may be as simple as to hone their skill so that later in life they can protect their kin and woods, or more rarely to seize power, or as dire as protecting the world from a dark force that threatens to overwhelm it. Whatever their reason Elvish Exemplars are careful adventurers, choosing their causes with deliberation to make sure that not only is it worth the risk but also that it supports their own moral code.

Characteristics: Elvish Exemplars represent all things elvish. They have cunning, inquisitive minds, which work upon questions over and over again to find the answer. Not single minded as humans and dwarves can be, an Elvish Exemplar might work slowly on a problem for years, only occasionally returning to it, and instead hopping from issue to issue hoping to relax their mind and avoid the frustration of a fixed failure. They are nimble warriors, caring more for agility than brute strength, skilled with bow and sword alike. An Elvish Exemplar combines magic, stealth, and weapon skill to be a uniquely capable scout and warrior.

Alignment: Elvish Exemplars can be of any alignment, however they are most commonly Chaotic Good. There are obvious reasons for this. First and foremost, elves are most commonly Chaotic Good and being drawn purely from that biased pool with no particular reason to skew from it Elvish Exemplars are therefore most commonly Chaotic Good. Secondly Elvish Exemplars are those elves who have chosen to steep themselves in elven traditions and thoroughly wrap themselves in the elvish way of life. This means that they are likely to be those which accept those same Chaotic Good ways without hesitation. That said an Elvish Exemplar can be of any alignment. Lawful Good elvish exemplars often seek to bolster the elvish people, and keep them on the proper path, sometimes going to other lands to show other humanoid species the benefits of the elvish way of life and elven culture. Lawful Evil elvish exemplars often seek power over the elvish people, and are disproportionately likely to venture outside the elvish lands, trusting on the isolationist tendencies of their race to hide any misdeeds they commit there so that they can return with power and position themselves as indispensable protectors of the forest, often from threats they themselves caused. Chaotic Evil elvish exemplars are exceedingly rare.

Religion: Elvish Exemplars almost one and all worship the elvish gods. Corellon Larethian as the epitome of elvishness, master of the ways of the bow, sword, spell, and woodcraft, is a particular favorite, and many elvish exemplars are simply striving to follow his glorious example.

Background: Elvish Exemplars are as a rule steeped in the elvish way of life, of the elvish arts. While Elvish Exemplars dabble in all things, they look upon the four elvish arts and without choosing one dedicate themselves to all four with an uncommon ardor. Elvish exemplars rarely know one mentor, when they do it is normally another elvish exemplar, instead they will study under an extended network of their family tracked across generations and their community, studying under a mage one day, a duskblade the next, and a ranger on the third. In this way they even exemplify the elven learning process of dedicated and thorough dabbling.

Races: Elvish exemplars are by definition elves. Half-elves on occasion try this path, but find it difficult, if not impossible, to follow it. A half-elven elvish exemplar is a thing of legend (alternatively half-elven elvish paragons can be relatively common as a way for half-elves to embrace their elven side). Elvish exemplars get along well with elves, and those half-elves which have chosen to live as elves over humans, and have embraced their elvish heritage. When dealing with other races, elvish exemplars might come off as patronizing, as they attempt to show the full glory of the elvish people and on occasion treat the younger races as children. As an Elvish Exemplar grows in skill and prowess they often re-evaluate other races, looking upon them with new curiosity as they try to see what strengths these races have which have been lost to the elvish people, or which they never had.

Other Classes: Elvish exemplars hold respect for those who have mastered one or two of the four ways. They respect the power of wizards, the ability to warp the entire world with their magic, and recognize in them their own greatest weapons. They respect the skill of warriors, recognizing it as a necessary skill for when the savage races of orcs and goblins attack and someone must hold the line. Those who practice stealth beyond mere woodcraft get along well with others who dedicate themselves to stealth. Elvish exemplars are close to the clerics of the elvish gods, seeing them as shepherds of the elven race, but often dismissive of elven clerics which follow other deities as part of the force which leads elvenkind astray. This creates an interesting relationship with druids; elvish exemplars believe that the connection between elves and the woodland, and nature, is of great importance to the elven race, however they believe that the devoted worship of nature is a false path for the race, instead insisting that it should be focused and guided by the elven gods.

Role: An elvish exemplar is part scout, part warrior, and part mage. What role they take depends somewhat upon how they are built and what is needed in their party at the moment. Their spells have the full range of a wizard, even if they are significantly weaker, and present options that wizards lack. Their skill at archery allows them to engage in combat from afar, using empower arrows to avoid the necessity of buying magic arrows in addition to a bow (or just avoiding buying either). Their skill in combat allows them to mix short duration buffs with melee combat.

Adaptation: An elvish exemplar might need adaptation to work for drow or aquatic elves if they are allowed to be played by these very disparate subraces. The first place to go to modify the class would be Wood Lore, an ability that should be replaced with the two subraces' favored terrains, and might need further modification (drow, for example, might need poison use instead of some abilities to work with animals or plants).

GAME RULE INFORMATION
Elvish Exemplar have the following game statistics.
Abilities: Intelligence determines an elvish exemplar's spellcasting and is therefore of great importance. Dexterity is used for both attack and (melee) damage as well as defensively for AC and Reflex. Constitution is the third most important score due to elves' fragility and their need for endurance on the front lines.
Alignment: Any.
Hit Die: d8
Starting Age: As fighter (if elf) or as wizard (if half-elf).
Starting Gold: As fighter
Race: Elvish exemplars must be elves. Whether half-elves or drow qualify is dependent upon the DM's decision.

Class Skills
The Elvish Exemplar's class skills (and the key ability for each skill) are Balance (Dex), Climb (Str), Concentration (Con), Craft (Int), Escape Artist (Dex), Handle Animal (Cha), Hide (Dex), Knowledge (any) (Int), Listen (Wis), Move Silently (Dex), Perform (Cha), Profession (Wis), Search (Int), Spellcraft (Int), Spot (Wis), Survival (Wis), Tumble (Dex), and Use Magic Device (Cha)

Skill Points at First Level: (4 + Int modifier) x 4
Skill Points at Each Additional Level: 4 + Int modifier

ELVISH EXEMPLAR


Level
Base Attack Bonus
Fort Save
Ref Save
Will Save
Special

Spells per Day








0
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th


1st

+1

+0

+2

+2
Focus Blade, Professional Dabbler, Weapon Finesse
2
-
-
-
-
-
-


2nd

+2

+0

+3

+3
Empower Arrows, Precise Shot
2
0
-
-
-
-
-


3rd

+3

+1

+3

+3
Agile Weapon Skill, Wood Lore
2
1
-
-
-
-
-


4th

+4

+1

+4

+4
Rapid Shot
2
2
0
-
-
-
-


5th

+5

+1

+4

+4
Elf Eyes, Woodland Stride
2
2
1
-
-
-
-


6th

+6

+2

+5

+5
Elvish Dilettante, Many Shot
3
2
2
-
-
-
-


7th

+7

+2

+5

+5
Adept Aim, Nature’s Mirror
3
2
2
0
-
-
-


8th

+8

+2

+6

+6
Blade Dance
3
2
2
1
-
-
-


9th

+9

+3

+6

+6
Shot on the Run, Trackless Step
3
3
2
2
-
-
-


10th

+10

+3

+7

+7
Elven Sword Art, Improved Wood Lore
3
3
2
2
0
-
-


11th

+11

+3

+7

+7
Dauntless Aim, Distant Shot
3
3
2
2
1
-
-


12th

+12

+4

+8

+8
Elven Arcana
3
3
2
2
2
-
-


13th

+13

+4

+8

+8
Improved Precise Shot
3
3
3
2
2
0
-


14th

+14

+4

+9

+9
Fade into the Background
3
3
3
2
2
1
-


15th

+15

+5

+9

+9
Peerless Aim
3
3
3
2
2
2
-


16th

+16

+5

+10

+10
Elven Arcana
3
3
3
3
2
2
0


17th

+17

+5

+10

+10
Peerless Wood Lore, Ritual Magic
3
3
3
3
2
2
1


18th

+18

+6

+11

+11
Grand Sword Art
3
3
3
3
3
2
2


19th

+19

+6

+11

+11
Grand Ritual
3
3
3
3
3
3
2


20th

+20

+6

+12

+12
Alfr, Elven Arcana
3
3
3
3
3
3
3



All of the following are class features of the Elvish Exemplar.

Weapon and Armor Proficiencies: An Elvish Exemplar is proficient in all simple weapons, plus shortswords, rapiers, longswords, elvish lightblade, elvish thinblade, elvish courtblade, shortbows, longbows, and the composite versions of those weapons. Elvish Exemplars are proficient with light armor and shields (except tower shields). An elvish exemplar can cast elvish exemplar spells while wearing light armor or a shield without incurring the normal arcane spell failure chance. However, like any other arcane spellcaster, an elvish exemplar wearing medium or heavy armor incurs a chance of arcane spell failure if the spell in question has a somatic component (most do). A multiclass elvish exemplar still incurs the normal arcane spell failure chance for arcane spells received from other classes.

Swords: For the purpose of the Elvish Exemplar's class features the following weapons are considered swords: shortswords, rapiers, longswords, double-bladed sword, serpent sword, elvish lightblade, elvish thinblade, and elvish courtblade. Any reference to a sword as part of a class feature refers only to these weapons.

Elvish Exemplars and Elf Paragons: An Elvish Exemplar that takes levels in Elf Paragon may choose to advance their Elvish Exemplar spellcasting instead of Wizard spellcasting and may advance it on every level instead of only 2nd and 3rd.

Half-Elven Elvish Exemplars: If a half-elf is allowed to become an Elvish Exemplar then becoming one represents a forsaking of their human heritage. They are no longer considered human, and may consider themselves fully elven whenever it is beneficial.

Spells: An Elvish Exemplar casts spells as a wizard except for their reduced spells per day and slower access to new spell levels. They draw their spells from the wizard spell list, except with those additions spoilered below. Like a wizard an Elvish Exemplar is reliant upon a spellbook. They know all cantrips at 1st level and may add 2 spells to their spellbook at each additional level.

Level 0:

Know Direction
Purify Food and Drink


Level 1:

CamouflageSpC
Charm Animal
Entangle
Guided ShotSpC
HawkeyeSpC
Hide from Animals
Hunter's MercySpC
Lay of the LandSpC
Pass without Trace
Speak with Animals
VinestrikeSpC


Level 2:

Barkskin
Briar WebSpC
Camouflage, MassSpC
Haste, SwiftSpC
Hold Animal
Lion's ChargeSpC
One with the LandSpC
Tree Shape


Level 3:

Arrow StormSpC
Blade StormSpC
Blade ThirstSpC
Find the GapSpC
ForestfoldSpC
Plant Growth
Snare
Speak with Plants
Spike Growth


Level 4:

Control Plants
Freedom of Movement
Lay of the LandSpC


Level 5:

Commune with Nature
Tree Stride
Wall of Thorns


Level 6:

Find the Path
Ironwood
Liveoak
Stone Tell
Transport via Plants



Focus Blade (Su): An Elvish Exemplar learns to meld swordplay with magic, and learn to use the sword as part of their magic. When wielding a sword an Elvish Exemplar may substitute movements of the blade for Somatic components, they still suffer spell failure and must be able to move their hands but may hold two swords or a single sword in both hands as they cast. In addition the Elvish Exemplar may eschew any non-expensive material components or foci when wielding a sword, substituting it for these components. Finally when wielding a sword an Elvish Exemplar gains a bonus on Concentration checks to cast defensively equal to their class level.

Professional Dabbler (Ex): An Elvish Exemplar has studied in the elvish way learning a smattering of many things. An Elvish Exemplar can make Profession checks untrained, and gains a +1 bonus to all Craft, Perform, and Profession checks made with skills that the Elvish Exemplar has less than maximum ranks in.

Weapon Finesse (Ex): An Elvish Exemplar gains Weapon Finesse as a bonus feat.

Empower Arrows (Su): Beginning at 2nd level an Elvish Exemplar learns to imbue arrows with magical power. An Elvish Exemplar can empower 5 non-magic arrows/level, empowering 5 arrows is a swift action, arrows remain empowered for 1 minute/class level. Empowering an arrow gives it temporary magic enchantments with a Market Price Equivalency of +1/2 your class level.

Precise Shot (Ex): At 2nd level an Elvish Exemplar gains Precise Shot as a bonus feat.

Agile Weapon Skill (Ex): An Elvish Exemplar is a master of the use of finesse in combat. Beginning at 3rd level when using a weapon valid for weapon finesse an Elvish Exemplar may use their Dexterity modifier in place of their Strength modifier for determining damage. They do not suffer a penalty to damage if they have a Strength penalty, and they do not gain +1-1/2 times their Dexterity modifier if wielding a finesseable weapon two-handed.

Wood Lore (Ex): An Elvish Exemplar is at home in the woodlands and forests. Beginning at 3rd level an Elvish Exemplar gains a +2 bonus on Hide, Listen, Move Silently, Spot, and Survival checks when used in a forest. They also gain the same bonus on Knowledge (nature) checks made in association with forests and on Handle Animal checks made in association with animals native to forests. They gain Wild Empathy as a druid of their Elvish Exemplar level but it only applies when dealing with creatures native to forests.

Rapid Shot (Ex): At 4th level an Elvish Exemplar gains Rapid Shot as a bonus feat.

Elf Eyes (Ex): An Elvish Exemplar's eyes are keen even by elvish standards. At 5th level you gain Superior Low-Light Vision and can see four times as far as humans in low-light situations. In addition your racial bonus to Search and Spot checks increases by +2 (to +4).

Woodland Stride (Ex): An Elvish Exemplar is at home in the woods moving through them like a fish through water. At 5th level you gain Woodland Stride as the druid ability of the same name.

Elvish Dilettante (Ex): At 6th level an Elvish Exemplar gains Elvish DilettanteRotW as a bonus feat.

Many Shot (Ex): At 6th level an Elvish Exemplar gains Many Shot as a bonus feat.

Adept Aim (Ex): An Elvish Exemplar is quite skilled at striking at foes in the precise spot desired. Beginning at 7th level when an Elvish Exemplar makes an attack they may take a penalty to hit on all attacks for 1 round up to their BAB to gain twice that penalty as a bonus to damage. This bonus damage is precision damage (like sneak attack) and suffers all the normal limits (including 30 ft range).

Nature's Mirror (Su): An Elvish Exemplar learns to blend with the woods and with nature. Beginning at 7th level an Elvish Exemplar may, as a swift action, expend a 1st level or higher spell slot to gain the ability to hide without cover or concealment in natural terrain for 10 minutes per two class levels. For each level above 1st the expended spell is the Elvish Exemplar gains a +2 bonus on Hide and Move Silently checks for the duration.

Blade Dance (Su): An Elvish Exemplar learns to perform the dance of the sword. Beginning at 8th level an Elvish Exemplar may, as a swift action, expend a 1st level or higher spell slot to gain an insight bonus to attack rolls, AC, and Reflex saves equal to the spell level of the expended slot for 1 minute. These bonuses only apply while the Elvish Exemplar is wielding a sword and only with attacks made with a sword.

Shot on the Run (Ex): At 9th level an Elvish Exemplar gains Shot on the Run as a bonus feat.

Trackless Step (Ex): At 9th level an Elvish Exemplar gains Trackless Step as the druid ability of the same name.

Elven Sword Art (Ex): An Elvish Exemplar learns not only how to use their sword's movements as part of their spells but to even turn these movements into blows upon foes. Beginning at 10th level when an Elvish Exemplar casts an elvish exemplar spell they may make a single melee attack with a wielded sword at their highest attack bonus as a free action. This ability does not activate if the spell was cast as a free or immediate action (but does if it was cast as a swift action).

Improved Wood Lore (Ex): At 10th level the bonuses from Wood Lore increases by +2 (to +4). In addition an Elvish Exemplar with this ability may now speak to animals native to a forest as if with the Speak with Animals spell.

Dauntless Aim (Ex): Beginning at 11th level an Elvish Exemplar's aim with a bow is so perfect as to be more damaging than those of a lesser archer's. An Elvish Exemplar with this ability adds their Dexterity modifier, if positive, to damage with bows.

Distant Shot (Ex): Beginning at 11th level an Elvish Exemplar's keen eye and skill allows them to strike targets from afar. All range penalties an Elvish Exemplar suffers with ranged weapons are halved. This does not apply to thrown weapons.

Elven Arcana (Su): Elvish Exemplars learn the now mostly lost elvish arts of magic. At 12th, 16th, and 20th level an Elvish Exemplar selects one of the abilities spoilered below.

Critical Quicken: Once per round when an Elvish Exemplar with this arcana scores a critical hit with a sword they may cast a 3rd level or lower spell as a free action.

Easy Cantrips: An Elvish Exemplar with this arcana may cast their cantrips freely. They no longer need to prepare cantrips and may cast all Elvish Exemplar cantrips at-will.

Empower Sword: Any sword wielded by an Elvish Exemplar with this arcana gains an enhancement bonus to attack and damage equal to the highest level (non-ritual) spell they have prepared.

Enduring Arcana: Once per day when an Elvish Exemplar with this arcana casts a 3rd level or lower spell with a duration greater than 1 round which includes themself as a target they may choose to have that spell's duration on themself increased so that it remains active upon themself until it is dispelled, expended (in the case of spells such as stoneskin or false life), or the Elvish Exemplar regains that spell slot (they may choose not to when regaining spells). You may only have one Enduring Arcana active at a time.

Eyes of the Ancient Elves: An Elvish Exemplar with this arcana may use Detect Magic as a spell-like ability at-will and may See Invisibility as if with the spell. In addition whenever they make a Search or Spot check they may sacrifice a spell slot to add twice its level to the check.

Scout's Spell: An Elvish Exemplar with this arcana has learned to cast magic stealthily and may ignore any Verbal components on spells they cast.

Superior Focus Blade: An Elvish Exemplar with this arcana may ignore costly material components and foci on 4th level or lower spells when wielding a masterwork sword.

Swift Spell: 3 times per day an Elvish Exemplar with this arcana may Quicken a 3rd level or lower spell spontaneously.

Swordsmith's Style: An Elvish Exemplar with this arcana gains a bonus to damage with swords equal to the number of Item Creation feats they possess. An Elvish Exemplar must have Craft Magic Arms and Armor to select this arcana.



Improved Precise Shot (Ex): At 13th level an Elvish Exemplar gains Improved Precise Shot as a bonus feat.

Fade in the Background (Su): Beginning at 14th level when an Elvish Exemplar uses Nature's Mirror they seem to become hard to hold a gaze upon, allowing them to hide in natural surroundings even when observed.

Peerless Aim (Ex): An Elvish Exemplar can strike the furthest target with ease. Beginning at 15th level an Elvish Exemplar can deal precision damage out to 1 range increment with any ranged weapon and suffers no range penalty on ranged attacks regardless of how many range increments away the target is (they still must be within 10 to be hit at all). This does not apply with thrown weapons.

Peerless Wood Lore (Ex): An Elvish Exemplar's knowledge of the woods is without compare. The bonuses granted by Wood Lore increase to +6. In addition an Elvish Exemplar may speak with plants that are part of a forest as the spell Speak with Plants this portion of this ability is supernatural in nature.

Ritual Spell: An Elvish Exemplar learns the old ritual magic of the elves allowing them to perform greater magic if only haltingly and time consumingly. At 17th level an Elvish Exemplar adds a single 7th or 8th level spell to their spellbook (drawn from the wizard spell list). Each day they may prepare one ritual spell, which can be any spell in their spellbook (or successfully prepared from another) of 8th level or lower, and cast it through a 10 minute ritual. This functions as casting the spell normally except its casting time is 10 minutes and cannot be reduced. They may not expend this spell slot to fuel abilities.

Grand Sword Art (Ex): An Elvish Exemplar learns the highest forms of elvish sword play which blends magic with the art of the blade. Beginning at 18th level an Elvish Exemplar may cast a Standard action spell as a free action when they make a full attack action with a sword.

Grand Ritual: An Elvish Exemplar learns the highest magics of the elves. At 19th level an Elvish Exemplar adds a single 9th level spell to their spellbook (drawn from the wizard spell list) which they can cast as a Grand Ritual. By performing a 1 hour ritual with their spellbook an Elvish Exemplar may cast this 9th level spell or any other 8th level or lower spell in their spellbook. This functions as casting the spell normally except its casting time is 1 hour and cannot be reduced. They may not expend this spell slot to fuel abilities. If an Elvish Exemplar adds other 9th level spells to their spellbook they cannot cast them as part of a Grand Ritual.

Alfr (Ex): An Elvish Exemplar has reached the pinnacle of elvenkind transcending mortality in the process and taking on the aspects of the great elves of old. At 20th level an Elvish Exemplar's type changes to Fey (gaining the Augmented Humanoid subtype) and they cease aging. They become immortal never dying of old age, gain immunity to Charm spells and effects, gain +2 to their Intelligence score for the purposes of spellcasting, and gain DR 5/cold iron.

Zaydos
2015-09-23, 03:05 PM
Some specific concerns I had:


Is it too much? I tried for approximately Bard + Splatbooks/Factotum/Beguiler/Dread Necromancer level so somewhat stronger than Warblade and Duskblade but weaker than Sorcerer, Psion, and Favored Soul but I don't really know where I hit. Do I think I should reduce the BAB and give them more special abilities?
Should they have Scribe Scroll as a bonus feat? They're prepared casters with a spellbook so it feels appropriate but was hesitant because of fear of overloading them at 1st level.


Also feel free to suggest Elven Arcana abilities.

Elandris Kajar
2015-09-23, 05:18 PM
This... This is beautiful. Thank you for this perfect class for . I will peach more heavily later, but for now:

I would give 3/4 bab, because they can expend spells to hit better already.

More importantly though, enduring arcana runs into the same issues as Persist Spell. It is not horrible, but it needs a line in there that says you can only have one active at a time, or if that goes too far, one per 5 or 10 levels.

Nothing else jumps out so far, which is a testament to how great this class is. Amazing as usual, Zaydos.

Edit: Go ahead and give scribe scroll.

For Elven Arcana:
Animal companion as Druid of level -5

A simple +2 Dex or int

Leading the pack: whenever you hit a target with a bow, all allows get +2 to hit and +3 damage for a round.

Zaydos
2015-09-24, 12:42 PM
If I drop the BAB and make you rely on Blade Dance to keep up in melee it means you're expending your highest level spell slot to do just that each time. Means I need to give you full Bard spells per day (easy enough), and could probably give 6+ Skills per level or some other class features to improve archery/melee. While you have a much wider list than a Bard you lack Bard's best options which are Wizard spells that have been reduced in level (and lack Bard's good non-core options for making Inspire Courage a full party Blade Dance+ and similar).

As for the Elven Arcana I want to keep them primarily magical though maybe some sort of Familiar Companion based on an Arcane Hierophant's might work.

FocusWolf413
2015-09-27, 06:29 PM
There's a typo in the BAB.

They don't get Prestidigitation? How will they keep themselves smelling like lilacs?

Network
2015-09-27, 11:32 PM
They don't get Prestidigitation? How will they keep themselves smelling like lilacs?
It's on the wizard spell list, which they get by default.

FocusWolf413
2015-09-28, 08:42 PM
It's on the wizard spell list, which they get by default.

....oh...
In that case, this is not balanced. All of the problems that apply to wizards apply here. It should cast more like a beguiler or a warmage. Personally, I think fixed list spontaneous casters are way more balanced.

Network
2015-09-28, 09:49 PM
....oh...
In that case, this is not balanced. All of the problems that apply to wizards apply here. It should cast more like a beguiler or a warmage. Personally, I think fixed list spontaneous casters are way more balanced.
They do have a bard progression, so all spells of 7th level or higher (including most gamebreakers) are out of reach for them.