Not only made of negative energy but also specifically driven to negate positive beings (particularly its positive counterpart) as in the second theory
It should also be pointed out that this part of the second theory relies on circular reasoning.that it drives these entities to conduct evil acts (...creation of other evil entities, etc)
EDIT:
Also, the first theory, the one about an evil spirit powering the undead, is a non-starter because then the undead would be vulnerable to Banishment and Protection from Evil