4E adds another couple of swords to the range- the Broadsword (martial, versatile, slightly clumsier than the longsword but more damaging) and the Fullblade (bigger than the Greatsword, Superior (4E Exotic)).
(in 3E, the Fullblade was only in the 3.0 source Arms & Equipment Guide)
So, it could run Short Sword, Longsword, Broadsword, Bastard Sword, Greatsword, Fullblade.
And that's just the straight swords that aren't slender like the Rapier.
As to what each sword represents, might work something like this:
Fullblade- Largest known practically used zweihander
Greatsword- two-handed claymore
Bastard sword- smallest hand-and-a-half sword
Broadsword- wide-bladed sword
Longsword- larger knightly arming sword
Swortsword- smallest arming sword